Effect of example variability on the implicit learning of multiple non-adjacent rule

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1041.2026.1843

Acta Psychologica Sinica ›› 2026, Vol. 58 ›› Issue (9): 1843-1857.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1041.2026.1843

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Effect of example variability on the implicit learning of multiple non-adjacent rule

LING Xiaoli¹^,², ZHANG Qingyun³^,⁴, ZHENG Li⁵^,⁶, GUO Xiuyan⁵^,⁶(), SUN Peng⁷()

¹School of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan250358, China
²Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Mental Health, Jinan250358, China
³School of Business and Management, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai201620, China
⁴Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain-Machine Intelligence for Information Behavior, Shanghai201620, China
⁵Fudan Institute on Ageing, Fudan University, Shanghai200433, China
⁶Ministry of education (MOE) Laboratory for National Development and Intelligent Governance, Shanghai201620, China
⁷Mental Health Education and Research Center, Shandong University of Finance and Economics, Jinan250014, China

Published:2026-09-25 Online:2026-07-29
Contact: GUO Xiuyan, E-mail: guoxiuyan@fudan.edu.cn; SUN Peng, E-mail: sunpengsdufe@yeah.net

Abstract

LING Xiaoli, ZHANG Qingyun, ZHENG Li, GUO Xiuyan, SUN Peng. (2026). Effect of example variability on the implicit learning of multiple non-adjacent rule. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 58(9), 1843-1857.

Figures/Tables 3

Figure 1. Implicit classification accuracy in Experiment 1 across low-, medium-, and high-variability conditions. Error bars represent standard errors (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001).

Figure 2. Implicit classification accuracy in Experiment 2a for the non-transfer and transfer tests across the three variability conditions. Error bars represent standard errors (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01).

Figure 3. Implicit classification accuracy in Experiment 2b under the novel-transfer test. Error bars represent standard errors (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01).

Effect of example variability on the implicit learning of multiple non-adjacent rule

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